Luxury vinyl tile and plank are manufactured using multiple layers of advanced materials. The construction begins with a rigid core, typically made from either Stone Polymer Composite (SPC) or Wood Polymer Composite (WPC).
SPC cores use a blend of natural limestone powder, polyvinyl chloride, and stabilizers compressed under extreme pressure. The result is an incredibly dense, stable, and waterproof core that resists dents and temperature changes.
WPC cores combine recycled wood flour with PVC and foaming agents to create a lighter, warmer core with some inherent sound absorption. WPC is slightly softer underfoot than SPC, making it comfortable for extended standing.
Above the core, a high-definition photographic layer reproduces wood grain, stone patterns, or abstract designs with remarkable fidelity. An embossed-in-register (EIR) texture layer aligns the surface texture with the printed design.
The top wear layer is made from clear, UV-cured urethane reinforced with ceramic beads or aluminum oxide particles. This protective coating resists scratches, scuffs, and stains while maintaining the floor's beauty for years.